$Diary January 27, 2008$ "Advantages of object-oriented data structures in the biological evolution."
Diary - TOP Hee Cheong Lee Official Website - TOP
An "Object-Oriented Data Structure" is designed to encapsulate data and method, and communicate with the outside through the message. This technique has replaced the customary way called "Procedural Data Structure". For example, "It rains" means a "Procedural Data Structure" because drop of water falling has no data and method in itself while "Turn on the TV" means an "Object-Oriented Data Structure" because the TV has the data and method innards of itself. This encapsulated data is called object and a plan of object is called class. In vivo, the phenomenon to encapsulate data is frequently observed. For example, the fat in our food generates monoacylglycerols and fatty acids via digestion. These materials are delivered to intestinal cell and are recombined and then are synthesized to the lipoprotein via a combination of protein. Then, lipoproteins are transformed into various forms and shoulder a wide range of roles. This is just like a encapsulation of data. What is the advantage of an encapsulation of data? And what is the advantage of "Object-Oriented Data Structure"? The advantage of "Object-Oriented Data Structure" is polymorphism and inheritance of classes. Polymorphism means that the reaction depends on the object which receives a message. For example, let's think about a program which does processing A and processing B every 5 seconds. To create the program which does specific processing every 5 seconds, 5 seconds must be counted. This work cooperates with the OS. To be concrete, call the system function of counting a time from the program's side and then the system must post a message queue after five seconds have passed. The process will start on the side of the program after taking out a message from the system. The message queue is the memory area which is secured at every program and received a message posted from the system, and then, build a reaction on the side of the program according to the received message. The object which sends a message can send a message irrespective of the object which receives a message. This is polymorphism in object-oriented design. This property brings us various reactions with few messages. This is a very powerful property and doesn't have to rebuild the core of the system when the new requirement definition occurs, only to change the innards of the object which receives a message to be adaptable to the new requirement definition. In the myoneural junction, the neurotransmitter is called an acetylcholine. The acetylcholine opens the nicotinic acetycholine receptor channel of the end-plate and end-plate potential occurs in the intracellular with the outflow of the potassium ion and the inflow of the sodium ion simultaneously. The cholinergic neuron which exists widely in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus has an influence on the neuron in the wide area through the muscarinic-acetylcholine-receptor. There are various sub-unit in the muscarinic-acetylcholine-receptor, M1,M3,and M5 cause activation of the phospholipase C and M2,M4 cause restraint of the adenyl-cyclase. As a result, slow excitatory postsynaptic potential and slow inhibitory postsynaptic potential occur. This phenomenon differs in the replying result every object to the identical message (the acetylcholine). This is what polymorphism in the object-oriented-program. Encapsulated lipoprotein is called a chylomicron. The chylomicron becomes a chylomicron remnant via loss of triglyceride with the operation of lipoprotein lipase(LPL). At the liver, triglyceride is synthesized based on the free-fatty-acid and this combines with the apoprotein and becomes VLDL(very low density lipoprotein). The VLDL becomes IDL via loss of triglyceride with the operation of LPL which exists in the peripheral organization. IDL is captured via the IDL receptor of the liver and is hydrolyzed in the operation of the lipase and becomes an LDL. The LDL carries cholesterol to the peripheral organization. On the contrary, HDL which occurred by the hydrolyzation of the chylomicron and the VLDL carries cholesterol from the periphery to the liver. In this case, chylomicron, VLDL are a super class, and IDL, LDL are the sub-class of the VLDL. At the same time, the identical message, the lipase, is related to the specialization of these classes. And, the difference of the replying to the message is termed polymorphism. Inheritance of classes in an "Object-Oriented Data Structure" means that a nature can change at small cost by using inheritance from ancestral classes to descendant classes. For instance, when you make a new car B, you should abstract the plan of car A and build a higher rank plan, and then inherit the plan to the new car B plan. In the object-oriented programming, "the car" is equivalent to the object and "the plan" is equivalent to the class. With that, one of the advantages to encapsulate data by using inheritance in this way and to define a new attribute and a way are not necessary. The energy efficiencies of the development is good because we need only to define the difference between new requirement and conventional definition. The creature tries to inherit the data on the deoxyribonucleic acid. The deoxyribonucleic acid is equivalent to the class and the main unit of the creature is equivalent to the object. The advantage of the object-oriented is that it is able to keep up with the trend of the times at small cost. The creature supported a wide range of requirement definitions in the process of the evolution by making use of the advantage of object-oriented design. We can find the living body using inheritance and polymorphism very well. And then, polymorphism may also play an important role in the neutral evolution theory. The neutral evolution theory says that the mutation in the molecular level is neutral to the natural selection and the genetic drift plays an important role in the accumulation of mutation in the group. At first, the repulsion was so strong that the theory could not be accepted so widely, but now this theory has become a major branch of biology as a high school biology textbooks describes. The neutral evolution can happen because there is polymorphism like the example of above-mentioned acetylcholine. Polymorphism brings the characteristics to the object, an adaptation to the new requirement definition in a few differences. Creatures could have evolved and survived because they used the advantage of object-oriented data structure. The informatics may be able to give the answer which approaches the core of the biology.